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Chickpeas in Nepal
Chickpeas are a major pulse legume grown in Nepal, either by themselves or as an intercrop with maize or rice. Chickpeas are an important legume to Nepalese population, as it is the primary protein source for nearly 2 million Nepalese people. In 2013, Nepal imported approximately 10.1 million dollars in dried shelled chickpeas, mostly from Australia but also from Canada, creating a need to increase production not only for its own people, but also to balance bilateral trade. Chickpeas are an excellent source of protein, especially when compared to other legume pulses. They are also high in unsaturated fatty acids and minerals, including calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium.
==Agronomic issues and potential solutions==
There are a number of Agronomic issues, both biotic and abiotic, that have considerably reduced the production of chickpeas in the Terai of Nepal.〔 Botrytis gray mold (BGM) was the main cause of the rapid decline in production of chickpeas, as it completely devastated crops in 1997-1998, especially in the humid eastern part of the country causing farmers to switch to a more stable, albeit less profitable legume, such as lentil.〔 This devastation have given chickpeas a very negative reputation of being a risky crop and has likely delayed the spread of new technologies and cultivars to increase production.〔 Fusarium wilt is another major biotic problem to chickpea production in Nepal. Abiotic issues include boron deficient soils, as well as infertile land due to soil acidity and drought.〔 However, these issues can be dealt with by a number of low cost techniques without having to rely heavily on expensive alternatives such as fungicides. Larger spacing between rows can decrease leaf wetness to decrease BGM. Intercropping with mustard also seems to significantly reduce the disease. Coating the seed with Rhizobium or mixing the rhizobium into the soil can combat poor nodulation and therefore improve the nitrogen fixing capacity of the chickpea.〔 Poor soil fertility can be combated with vermicompost along with fertilizers in order to increase root length, grain yield and further nodulation. Ideally, using an Integrated Crop Management strategy using genetically resistant seeds incorporated into local varieties, the use of fungicides, along with the simpler strategies mentioned could allow for sustainable and profitable production of chickpeas for Nepalese farmers.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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